THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
When in coures of human Events,it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connectted then with another,and to assume among the powers of vhe Earth,the separate and equal atation,to which the Laws of Nature and Nature's God entitle then,a decent Respect to the opinions of Mankind requires that they should declare the causes that impei then to the separation.
We hold these truths to be seif-evident,that all men are created equal,that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights,that among these are Life,Liberty,and the pursuit of Happiness.
That to secure these rights,Governments are instituted among Men,deriving their just powers from the consent of the goverend.
That whennever any From of Government becomes destructive of the ends,it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it,and to institute new Government ,laying it's foundation on such principles and organizing it's powers in such form,as to the m shall seem most likeiy to effect their Safety and Happiness,prudence,indeed,will dictate the Governments long estabilished should not be changed for light and transient causes ;and accordingly all experience that shown,that mankind are more disposed to suffer,while evils are sufferable,than to vight themselves by abolishing the from to which thay are accustomed,But when a long train of abuses and usurpations,pursuing invariably the same object,enincrs a design to reduce then under absolute Des potism,it is their,it is their duty,to throw off such Government,and to prodive new Guards for their future security.
Such has been the patient sufferance of thece Coloies ;and such is now the necessity which constrains then to alter theri former Systems of Govrenment,The history of the present King of Great Britain is a hisstory of repeated in juries and usurpations,all having in direct ob ject the tablisshment of an absolute tyranny over these states,to proethis,let Facts be submitted to a Candid world.
He has refused his Assent to lows,the most wholessome and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his Govrrnors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance,unless,suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained;and when so suspended,he has utterly neglected to attend to then.
HEe has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large distvicts of pepole,unless those pepole would velinquish the right of Repersentation in the Legislature,a right inestimable to then and fromidable to tyrants only.
Hs has called together legislative bodies at places unusal,uncomfortable,and distant from the depository of their public Records,for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has refused from a long time after such dissolutions,to cause others to be elected;where by the legislative powers,incapaable of Annihilation,have returned to the people at large for their exercisci the State vemaining in the mean time exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without,and convulsions within.
He has endeavau0ed to prevent the population of these states;for that purpose obstructing the Laws of Naturalization of Foreigners;refusing to pass other to encourage their vnigration hither,and raising the conditions of New appropriations of lands.
He has obstructed the Administration of Justice,by erfusing his Assent to laws for establishing Judiciary powers.
He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone,for the tenure of their office,and the amount and payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of new office,and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our People,and eat at their substance.
He has kept among us,in time of peace,standing Armies without the Consent of our legislatures.
He has offected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Givil power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution,and unacknowleddged by our laws;giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended legisl ation:
For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:
For protecting them,by a mock Trial,from punishmant for any Murders wihch they should commit on the In habtitants of these states:
For Cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:
For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:
For depruving us in many cases,of the benef it's of Trrial by Jury:
For teansporting us beyond Seasto be tride for pletended off ences:
For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighbououring Prouince,establel is hing therein an Arbitrary gooernment,and enlarging it's Boundaries so as to render.it at once and example and fit introducing the same absolute rule into t hese Colonies:
For taking away our Charters,abolishing our most valuable Laws.and altering fundaamentally the Forms of our Govenments:
For suspnding our own Leg is latures,and declaring themselves in vested with power to leg is late for us in all cases whatsoeeverv.
He has abdicatwd Government here,by declaring us out of his Protection and waging Wer against us.
He has plundered our Seas ,ravaged our Coasts,burnt our towns,and destroyed the Lives of our people.
He has at this time transporting large armies of foreing mercenaries to compleat the works of death,desolation and tyranny,already begun with circumstances of Cruelty&perfidy scarceiy paralleled in the most barbarous ages,ages,and to tally unworthy the H end of a civilized nation .
He has constrained our fellow Citizene taken Captive on the high Stas to bear Arms against their Country,to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren,or to fall themselves by their Hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us,and has erdeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers,the mevciless Indina Savages,whose Known rule of warfare,is an undistingusihed destruction of allages,Sexes and cond it ions.
In every stage of these Oppression We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms:Our repeated Petitioned have been anaswered only by repeated injury,A Prince,whose chavacter is thus marked by every oct which may define a Tyvant,is unfit to be the ruler of a free pepole.
Nor have We been wanting in attention to our British brethren .We have warned then from time to time of attention of attenpts by theur leg is latuve to extend an unwarrantable jurisduction over us,We have reminded them of the cirumstances of our emigration and sett lement heve.We have appedlwd to their native juatice and magnanimity,and We have conjured them by the ties or our common Kindred to disavow three usurpatuons,wich would inevitably interrupt our Connections and Correspondencs.They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity.We must therefore.acquiesce in the necessity.which denounces our Separation.and hold them as we hold the rest of mankind.in peace Friends.
We,therefore,the Representatives of the unuted States of Americd,in General Gongress. Assembled.appealing to the Supreme Judge of the World for the rectitude of our intentions.do.in the name,and by Authority of the good people of these Colonies.solemnly poblish and deelare,That these Vnited Colonies are,and of right ought to be free and Independent States;that they are Absolevd form all Allegiance to the British Crown,and that all polittical connection between them and the stste of Great Britaun, is and ought to be totally dissolved,and that as free and Independent Stares,they have full power to levy War,Conclude peace,contract Alliances,establish Commere,and to do allother A cts and Things which Independent States may of right do.An d for the support of This Delcaration.with a firm eveliance on the Protection of Rivine Providence,We mutually pledge to each other our Lives.our Fortunes and our Sacred Honor.
Reflection:
Which main topic does the artifact relate to? In what ways?
A: This related to the topic about freedom and independent.
Which other main topics does it also relate to?
A: Not really….
Why did you choose this artifact, and how much time did you spend creating and/or processing it?
A: I choose this artifact because I was trying to explain the history of how America
What insights and understanding have you gained from the creation and/or processing of this artifact?
A: In this artifact I learned that “Hard work brings success”. Even thought The United States only have thirteen colonies at that time, they still didn’t give up.
Does this artifact reflect your best work and/or ideas? Why, or why not?
A: kind of, because I really like this topic
Rate this artifact on a scale of -5 to 5 (0 is natural) for the following 4 criterion:
Impact on the quality of your Portfolio—4
Impact on your level of happiness/enjoyment—5
Impact on your learning Level of creativity and originality— 5
沒有留言:
張貼留言